Public Employees Per 10,000 of Population

(full-time equivalent)

Description

This variable is calculated as the full-time equivalent state and local public employees per 10,000 of state population. This information comes from 2023 U.S. Census Bureau data. These data were released in May 2024.

Current (2025)

Current values and ranks for the 2025 edition of Rich States, Poor States.

Public Employees Per 10,000 of Population Rank

Worst Best

ME 32

VT 42

NH 12

WA 27

ID 7

MT 28

ND 46

MN 29

IL 17

WI 8

MI 6

NY 44

RI 5

MA 22

OR 24

NV 1

WY 50

SD 30

IA 43

IN 9

OH 20

PA 4

NJ 23

CT 21

CA 13

UT 16

CO 36

NE 47

MO 14

KY 33

WV 40

VA 34

MD 31

DE 15

AZ 2

NM 41

KS 48

AR 37

TN 11

NC 25

SC 18

OK 35

LA 38

MS 45

AL 39

GA 10

AK 49

HI 19

TX 26

FL 3

State	Value	Rank
Alabama	565.7	39^th
Alaska	694.6	49^th
Arizona	389.8	2^nd
Arkansas	551.9	37^th
California	491.6	13^th
Colorado	542.2	36^th
Connecticut	506.8	21^st
Delaware	503.3	15^th
Florida	399.1	3^rd
Georgia	481.9	10^th
Hawaii	505.5	19^th
Idaho	457	7^th
Illinois	504.5	17^th
Indiana	476.9	9^th
Iowa	600.8	43^rd
Kansas	681	48^th
Kentucky	525.4	33^rd
Louisiana	560.1	38^th
Maine	523	32^nd
Maryland	522.7	31^st
Massachusetts	508.6	22^nd
Michigan	434.4	6^th
Minnesota	520.8	29^th
Mississippi	613.4	45^th
Missouri	502.6	14^th
Montana	518.5	28^th
Nebraska	647.7	47^th
Nevada	365.8	1^st
New Hampshire	485.4	12^th
New Jersey	510.1	23^rd
New Mexico	583.9	41^st
New York	609.8	44^th
North Carolina	513.7	25^th
North Dakota	633.6	46^th
Ohio	506.2	20^th
Oklahoma	536.2	35^th
Oregon	513	24^th
Pennsylvania	419.2	4^th
Rhode Island	432.1	5^th
South Carolina	504.6	18^th
South Dakota	520.9	30^th
Tennessee	482.8	11^th
Texas	513.8	26^th
Utah	503.6	16^th
Vermont	591.8	42^nd
Virginia	534.1	34^th
Washington	518.5	27^th
West Virginia	568.7	40^th
Wisconsin	471.1	8^th
Wyoming	855.2	50^th

U.S. Trends

Overview of states' Public Employees Per 10,000 of Population over time.

Historical Ranks

Historical state ranks for Public Employees Per 10,000 of Population across editions of the Rich States, Poor States.

State	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023	2024	2025
Alabama	38^th	40^th	40^th	40^th	39^th	39^th	40^th	41^st	40^th	40^th	40^th	40^th	40^th	40^th	40^th	40^th	39^th	39^th
Alaska	49^th	49^th	49^th	49^th	49^th	49^th	49^th	49^th	49^th	49^th	49^th	49^th	49^th	49^th	48^th	49^th	49^th	49^th
Arizona	3^rd	2^nd	6^th	2^nd	2^nd	2^nd	2^nd	2^nd	2^nd	2^nd	2^nd	2^nd	2^nd	2^nd	2^nd	2^nd	2^nd	2^nd
Arkansas	30^th	34^th	33^rd	30^th	40^th	45^th	41^st	40^th	38^th	39^th	38^th	38^th	38^th	38^th	38^th	37^th	37^th	37^th
California	9^th	7^th	8^th	7^th	5^th	5^th	4^th	6^th	6^th	6^th	7^th	7^th	7^th	7^th	9^th	8^th	12^th	13^th
Colorado	20^th	20^th	17^th	26^th	24^th	23^rd	21^st	24^th	22^nd	20^th	26^th	30^th	25^th	34^th	36^th	35^th	36^th	36^th
Connecticut	21^st	15^th	21^st	16^th	17^th	17^th	16^th	22^nd	25^th	29^th	32^nd	21^st	22^nd	20^th	18^th	19^th	22^nd	21^st
Delaware	35^th	36^th	31^st	25^th	27^th	28^th	27^th	32^nd	23^rd	23^rd	21^st	20^th	20^th	23^rd	23^rd	22^nd	20^th	15^th
Florida	4^th	5^th	9^th	5^th	6^th	6^th	5^th	4^th	3^rd	3^rd	3^rd	3^rd	3^rd	3^rd	3^rd	3^rd	3^rd	3^rd
Georgia	23^rd	22^nd	25^th	20^th	21^st	19^th	18^th	20^th	18^th	15^th	17^th	16^th	16^th	16^th	12^th	11^th	11^th	10^th
Hawaii	24^th	27^th	30^th	35^th	22^nd	24^th	24^th	21^st	24^th	24^th	27^th	29^th	27^th	24^th	22^nd	25^th	21^st	19^th
Idaho	25^th	19^th	15^th	11^th	8^th	10^th	10^th	14^th	15^th	12^th	12^th	14^th	9^th	8^th	7^th	7^th	7^th	7^th
Illinois	8^th	8^th	7^th	9^th	9^th	9^th	11^th	15^th	13^th	13^th	13^th	9^th	8^th	11^th	13^th	12^th	15^th	17^th
Indiana	16^th	16^th	24^th	19^th	20^th	12^th	13^th	12^th	10^th	11^th	11^th	11^th	14^th	17^th	10^th	14^th	8^th	9^th
Iowa	41^st	39^th	38^th	39^th	37^th	37^th	33^rd	35^th	41^st	41^st	41^st	42^nd	41^st	42^nd	43^rd	43^rd	43^rd	43^rd
Kansas	48^th	48^th	48^th	48^th	48^th	48^th	48^th	48^th	48^th	48^th	48^th	48^th	48^th	48^th	49^th	48^th	48^th	48^th
Kentucky	34^th	32^nd	29^th	29^th	31^st	33^rd	32^nd	28^th	33^rd	34^th	36^th	35^th	35^th	33^rd	33^rd	31^st	34^th	33^rd
Louisiana	42^nd	41^st	42^nd	41^st	41^st	42^nd	39^th	36^th	39^th	35^th	35^th	37^th	37^th	36^th	39^th	39^th	38^th	38^th
Maine	37^th	31^st	37^th	24^th	26^th	35^th	38^th	33^rd	27^th	25^th	22^nd	22^nd	24^th	27^th	25^th	26^th	33^rd	32^nd
Maryland	12^th	18^th	14^th	15^th	16^th	21^st	23^rd	17^th	19^th	19^th	18^th	18^th	17^th	18^th	26^th	24^th	26^th	31^st
Massachusetts	11^th	12^th	12^th	6^th	10^th	8^th	8^th	11^th	14^th	17^th	14^th	8^th	13^th	10^th	14^th	10^th	16^th	22^nd
Michigan	6^th	4^th	2^nd	4^th	7^th	3^rd	3^rd	3^rd	4^th	4^th	5^th	4^th	4^th	4^th	5^th	4^th	5^th	6^th
Minnesota	15^th	21^st	18^th	18^th	18^th	18^th	19^th	19^th	20^th	21^st	24^th	24^th	33^rd	30^th	31^st	32^nd	28^th	29^th
Mississippi	45^th	45^th	46^th	46^th	45^th	44^th	45^th	47^th	47^th	46^th	46^th	45^th	45^th	44^th	44^th	45^th	45^th	45^th
Missouri	26^th	26^th	23^rd	22^nd	23^rd	22^nd	22^nd	25^th	21^st	22^nd	20^th	23^rd	23^rd	22^nd	21^st	23^rd	19^th	14^th
Montana	29^th	33^rd	28^th	34^th	38^th	38^th	36^th	38^th	36^th	38^th	37^th	34^th	32^nd	39^th	35^th	36^th	27^th	28^th
Nebraska	47^th	44^th	47^th	47^th	47^th	46^th	47^th	46^th	45^th	44^th	44^th	46^th	46^th	47^th	47^th	47^th	47^th	47^th
Nevada	1^st	1^st	1^st	1^st	1^st	1^st	1^st	1^st	1^st	1^st	1^st	1^st	1^st	1^st	1^st	1^st	1^st	1^st
New Hampshire	17^th	23^rd	22^nd	21^st	30^th	27^th	28^th	23^rd	31^st	31^st	23^rd	28^th	21^st	21^st	19^th	16^th	14^th	12^th
New Jersey	36^th	35^th	35^th	33^rd	35^th	29^th	29^th	26^th	28^th	28^th	30^th	27^th	30^th	35^th	32^nd	20^th	25^th	23^rd
New Mexico	46^th	47^th	45^th	45^th	42^nd	40^th	43^rd	42^nd	43^rd	43^rd	43^rd	41^st	42^nd	41^st	41^st	41^st	41^st	41^st
New York	40^th	42^nd	41^st	43^rd	43^rd	41^st	42^nd	43^rd	42^nd	42^nd	42^nd	43^rd	43^rd	46^th	46^th	44^th	44^th	44^th
North Carolina	32^nd	38^th	39^th	38^th	36^th	36^th	37^th	37^th	34^th	32^nd	33^rd	36^th	36^th	29^th	30^th	29^th	31^st	25^th
North Dakota	44^th	46^th	44^th	44^th	46^th	47^th	46^th	44^th	44^th	45^th	45^th	44^th	44^th	45^th	45^th	46^th	46^th	46^th
Ohio	22^nd	17^th	19^th	17^th	19^th	16^th	17^th	16^th	17^th	18^th	19^th	17^th	18^th	15^th	15^th	15^th	13^th	20^th
Oklahoma	39^th	37^th	36^th	37^th	34^th	34^th	35^th	31^st	35^th	37^th	34^th	32^nd	28^th	26^th	24^th	28^th	30^th	35^th
Oregon	7^th	11^th	11^th	14^th	13^th	14^th	14^th	10^th	9^th	9^th	9^th	10^th	12^th	13^th	16^th	17^th	18^th	24^th
Pennsylvania	2^nd	3^rd	3^rd	3^rd	4^th	4^th	6^th	5^th	5^th	5^th	4^th	5^th	5^th	5^th	4^th	5^th	4^th	4^th
Rhode Island	5^th	10^th	5^th	8^th	3^rd	7^th	7^th	7^th	7^th	7^th	6^th	6^th	6^th	6^th	6^th	6^th	6^th	5^th
South Carolina	31^st	30^th	34^th	28^th	25^th	25^th	25^th	30^th	26^th	30^th	25^th	25^th	31^st	32^nd	34^th	33^rd	23^rd	18^th
South Dakota	33^rd	24^th	20^th	36^th	32^nd	30^th	30^th	34^th	29^th	33^rd	31^st	33^rd	34^th	31^st	29^th	34^th	32^nd	30^th
Tennessee	19^th	14^th	13^th	12^th	14^th	15^th	15^th	18^th	16^th	14^th	16^th	12^th	15^th	12^th	11^th	13^th	9^th	11^th
Texas	27^th	28^th	27^th	32^nd	33^rd	32^nd	34^th	29^th	30^th	26^th	29^th	31^st	26^th	25^th	27^th	30^th	29^th	26^th
Utah	10^th	6^th	4^th	10^th	12^th	20^th	20^th	13^th	8^th	8^th	8^th	15^th	11^th	14^th	17^th	18^th	17^th	16^th
Vermont	43^rd	43^rd	43^rd	42^nd	44^th	43^rd	44^th	45^th	46^th	47^th	47^th	47^th	47^th	43^rd	42^nd	42^nd	42^nd	42^nd
Virginia	28^th	29^th	32^nd	31^st	29^th	26^th	26^th	27^th	32^nd	27^th	28^th	26^th	29^th	28^th	28^th	27^th	35^th	34^th
Washington	14^th	13^th	16^th	23^rd	15^th	13^th	12^th	8^th	11^th	10^th	10^th	19^th	19^th	19^th	20^th	21^st	24^th	27^th
West Virginia	18^th	25^th	26^th	27^th	28^th	31^st	31^st	39^th	37^th	36^th	39^th	39^th	39^th	37^th	37^th	38^th	40^th	40^th
Wisconsin	13^th	9^th	10^th	13^th	11^th	11^th	9^th	9^th	12^th	16^th	15^th	13^th	10^th	9^th	8^th	9^th	10^th	8^th
Wyoming	50^th	50^th	50^th	50^th	50^th	50^th	50^th	50^th	50^th	50^th	50^th	50^th	50^th	50^th	50^th	50^th	50^th	50^th

Historical Values

Historical values for Public Employees Per 10,000 of Population. The years listed correspond to the actual data years, not necessarily the publication of Rich States, Poor States.

State	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	2023
Alabama	592.6	614.5	619.5	607.5	600	592.9	592.5	583.4	583.87	580.93	577.1	577.4	580.9	586	583.5	562.5	560.2	565.7
Alaska	785.5	761.8	779.7	765.2	762.4	757.5	753.2	753.9	738.87	729.88	710.4	700.8	703.5	709.1	694.8	687.3	688.8	694.6
Arizona	462.3	473.8	498.7	463.3	459.8	433.2	431.8	427.8	426.57	418.17	406.2	400.8	388.7	390.7	385.6	383.7	382.5	389.8
Arkansas	576.1	587	581.5	563.6	601.3	645.4	598.1	570.3	564.64	571.04	569.5	560.3	562.2	563.7	563.1	546.7	548.5	551.9
California	498.9	500.6	502.1	496.6	478.2	464.8	466.1	446.3	451.71	453.46	462.4	470.8	473.4	478.1	485.4	467.3	483.3	491.6
Colorado	536.5	539.4	535.9	549	541.4	528	527	524.4	523.7	518.07	529.8	533.5	526.1	540.2	547.3	534.2	533.4	542.2
Connecticut	537	532.1	547.2	531.1	524.4	517.2	513	516.9	530.1	534.51	540.1	519.4	516.6	511.9	508.5	491.7	501.9	506.8
Delaware	579.8	593.1	580.5	548.5	547.2	548.4	544.1	542.7	524.17	522.58	517.6	517.3	510.3	514.8	525.3	499.8	500.3	503.3
Florida	479.4	488	502.2	476.1	482	466	466.7	441	434.27	432.33	429.7	424.5	422.4	421.4	415.9	408.9	397.5	399.1
Georgia	540	544.4	556.6	538.7	532.8	518.9	518.5	512.6	503.74	495.66	498	499.5	497	498.2	491.9	472.9	476.5	481.9
Hawaii	541.4	557.2	580.1	582.5	536.9	535.8	535.1	515.7	527.77	524.48	529.9	532.1	527.6	518.1	524	509.1	501.5	505.5
Idaho	541.5	536.4	533.5	509.9	497.1	495.7	491.2	496	493.76	485.33	488	492.6	487.7	482.8	473.7	454.4	452.1	457
Illinois	494.8	500.8	502.1	497.8	498.2	487.1	499.4	501	487.74	488.26	492.6	483	483.5	486.9	493.8	473.1	491.6	504.5
Indiana	527.2	533	555.4	537.9	531.2	505.6	505	486.3	483.51	485.06	484.5	487	495.5	500	488	475.3	469.8	476.9
Iowa	623.5	609.9	607.3	596.8	585.7	578.9	564.8	552.4	585.12	583.65	588	593	590.4	594.7	601.4	586.9	596.3	600.8
Kansas	669.1	677.1	696.3	717.4	708.2	685.6	680.8	695.4	671.97	669.8	681.9	690.7	695	692.5	702.9	678.2	682.4	681
Kentucky	579.6	579.6	576.9	561.3	557.8	565	564.4	537.4	550.56	549.64	551.9	545.8	546.3	539.3	543	520.7	521.3	525.4
Louisiana	643.2	615.4	639.8	616.4	610.2	615.5	589.8	555.5	565.45	555.13	551.7	553.6	553.7	556.8	572.6	561.2	555.4	560.1
Maine	587.2	578	593.5	546.1	545.6	567.5	583.2	548	531.67	529.19	521.4	520.4	520.4	526.7	526.7	511.3	520.7	523
Maryland	518.4	534	532.8	528.3	522.9	526.8	528.2	503.2	505.07	505.16	505.3	506.9	502.9	503.5	527.9	500.6	509.9	522.7
Massachusetts	515.9	516.2	527.8	493.4	502.2	486.9	486.9	482.8	488.78	497.19	493.4	478.9	494.3	486.7	497	471.9	492.1	508.6
Michigan	482.1	486.9	474.9	475.3	482.8	462.3	461	438.5	441.54	440.11	442	435.4	436.9	434.2	439.1	417.8	426	434.4
Minnesota	527.2	539.6	537.1	535	525.9	518.6	519.1	509.7	518.57	519.16	528.2	527.4	539.3	532.7	538.8	523.4	514.2	520.8
Mississippi	649	648	652.3	655.9	649.8	644.6	640.9	644.9	641.52	637.83	638.7	632.1	626.5	619.3	616.4	606.9	608.7	613.4
Missouri	547.8	556.8	555.2	542.3	541.3	527.9	527.5	525	522.22	520.74	517.4	522.1	520.1	513.8	515.4	500	497.1	502.6
Montana	573.6	584.1	570.5	580.8	589.6	579.8	574.2	562	557.62	562.76	553.4	545.4	538.3	573.1	546.9	539	511.3	518.5
Nebraska	664.4	640.3	656.2	656.6	663.3	656.5	652	639.9	630.11	624.44	626.5	632.7	631.6	650.8	663.7	636	634.9	647.7
Nevada	414	429.7	439.5	436.5	422.1	419.7	418.8	367.6	386.96	373.98	385.6	385.5	383	385.4	376.7	362.3	360.1	365.8
New Hampshire	530.7	544.9	548.6	541	554.3	548.3	547.4	520.6	537.5	535.21	528	531.4	515.5	513.5	512	487.2	489.5	485.4
New Jersey	586.6	587.5	583.3	578.7	580.5	553.3	551.6	531.2	531.71	533.21	534.8	530.4	531.8	545.1	542	497.7	509	510.1
New Mexico	654.5	676.8	651.9	645.7	621.9	603.5	604.4	595.5	603.01	600.48	605.4	591.5	594	589.4	589.1	567.3	570.7	583.9
New York	616.5	634.3	634	640.8	631.3	604	603.8	596.4	590.89	592.84	599.4	604.6	616.7	624.1	639.3	593.8	602.1	609.8
North Carolina	577.3	598.2	614.6	593.6	580.6	575.9	575.7	558	552.85	538.35	540.9	547.4	549.9	529.6	530	518.4	517.7	513.7
North Dakota	647.5	650.2	643.1	644	660.9	658.6	650.7	625.1	619.69	626.64	633.6	626.3	619	622.3	622	624.6	633.8	633.6
Ohio	537.3	533.4	540.1	533.9	526.4	515.1	514.3	501.6	499.07	502.96	506.7	505	504.2	497.8	497.5	476.6	489.1	506.2
Oklahoma	598.9	595.7	593.4	590.5	576.8	566.4	566.3	541.3	555.12	556.41	550.5	537.1	529.2	524.6	526.7	514.3	515.9	536.2
Oregon	491	507.2	503.6	519.4	516.8	509.6	509.6	482.8	479.39	477.13	483	485.1	493.4	492.1	499.5	489.1	496.3	513
Pennsylvania	456.9	476.1	478.1	472.7	471.5	464.5	467.7	444.9	445.27	443.4	439.8	442.1	437.3	435.2	438.9	418.2	417.6	419.2
Rhode Island	479.9	504.7	494.9	497	470.2	473.2	471	458.1	454.16	454.93	456.3	448.4	453.1	456.9	461.3	426.2	430.2	432.1
South Carolina	576.1	575.5	582.7	557.9	543.4	541.9	540.8	539.4	530.45	534.97	528.9	528.5	532.1	536.8	543.3	523.5	502	504.6
South Dakota	577.9	546.4	540.3	589.7	566.2	556.4	552	548.3	531.92	543.27	535.4	540.6	544.6	535.6	529.5	526.4	519.6	520.9
Tennessee	536	525.9	528.3	516.9	517.4	511.4	512	504.7	494.21	491.43	494.7	488.2	495.8	491.6	489.2	474.3	470.9	482.8
Texas	559.4	562.2	563.5	570.4	575.1	564.8	565.2	537.9	532.81	530.87	533.4	534.7	526.2	523.8	528.9	519.3	515.8	513.8
Utah	505	498.2	493.1	503	509.3	523.9	523.1	488.8	477.14	475.53	482.2	498.1	491.5	497.6	503	490.6	492.8	503.6
Vermont	643.4	637.9	641.8	618.4	646.9	632.9	632.6	632.2	636.81	646.95	642.5	656.9	633	596.3	599.5	576.3	589.4	591.8
Virginia	563.4	571.3	580.5	564.1	552.2	542	542.7	532.2	537.57	532.23	532	529.9	531.5	527.3	529	513.5	525.8	534.1
Washington	521	525.4	534	544.7	519.7	507.1	500	460.2	484.21	478.59	483.9	516.4	504.5	510.5	515.1	499.2	505.9	518.5
West Virginia	535.6	556.3	560.4	557	548.6	558.9	555.9	564.2	560.31	556.04	571.3	561.5	565.9	561.1	560.8	551.9	568.9	568.7
Wisconsin	518.4	502.5	503.5	517.6	503	496.5	489.5	477.8	485.47	496.15	493.7	491.3	488.8	485.3	483.1	471.1	474.5	471.1
Wyoming	889.4	915.4	927.4	948.9	900.1	928.1	918.2	865.5	873.11	864.83	870.6	864.5	868.2	882.8	879.4	862.8	854.3	855.2

Description

Current (2025)

U.S. Trends

Historical Ranks

Historical Values

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Rich States, Poor States 18th Edition

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